Operative hysteroscopy intravascular absorption syndrome is more than just the gynecological transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome: A case series and literature review.

OBJECTIVE: Operative hysteroscopy intravascular absorption (OHIA) syndrome refers to fluid overload complications from operative hysteroscopies. Despite guidelines for safe operative hysteroscopies, instances of OHIA syndrome have been reported. CASE REPORT: We reported three cases of OHIA syndrome. A 48-year-old female patient presented net irrigation fluid of 11,900 mL and developed severe metabolic acidosis, conscious disturbance, acute pulmonary edema, and unexpected intensive care unit admission. A 49-year-old female patient presented net irrigation fluid of 4500 mL and developed desaturation and acute pulmonary edema. A 45-year-old female patient presented net irrigation fluid of 2400 mL and developed hyponatremia, increased hilum lung marking, and prolonged postanesthesia care unit observation. CONCLUSION: For safety, clinicians should use isotonic electrolyte-containing distension media and bipolar electrosurgical instruments in operative hysteroscopies, and fluid status should be monitored closely, particularly at net and total irrigation amounts >3000 and > 8000 mL, respectively. Intrauterine pressure should also be minimized to reduce intravascular and intraperitoneal absorption.

Salvage of an exposed cranial prosthetic implant using a transposition flap with an indwelling antibiotic irrigation system.

Cranial implant removal is recommended if implants become exposed owing to scalp necrosis after cranioplasty. However, it carries the risk of extensive bleeding, and the resultant cranial defects can cause both aesthetic and functional problems. We present a case of a scalp defect exposing a cranial prosthetic implant that was reconstructed with a local flap and salvaged using an indwelling antibiotic irrigation system. A 73-year-old man presented with scalp necrosis after undergoing cranioplasty due to intracranial hemorrhage. The cranial implant was exposed through the scalp defect. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected in the culture from the open wound. After debridement of the necrotic tissue and burring of the superficial layer of the implant, a transposition flap was used to cover the defect and an indwelling antibiotic irrigation system was installed. Continuous irrigation with vancomycin was conducted for 5 days, and intravenous vancomycin was continued for 4 weeks. The flap was in good condition at 4 months postoperatively, with no infection. The convex contour of the scalp was well maintained. The patient's neurological status was stable. Exposed cranial implants can be salvaged with continuous antibiotic irrigation as an alternative to implant removal; thus, the risk of bleeding and possible disfigurement may be avoided.

Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the distribution of spray and irrigation devices within the sinonasal cavities.

BACKGROUND: Optimizing intranasal distribution and retention of nasal sprays is essential in the management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), including those that have had functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Despite multiple existing distribution studies, there remains a need for a technique that allows regionalization of particle deposition within a patient's unique 3-dimensional (3D) geometry without exposing the patient to radiation. METHODS: Seven participants delivered normal saline containing a gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) by either saline irrigation or nasal sprays on 1 side of the nasal cavity. The saline irrigation group included 2 participants (both healthy) while the nasal spray group included 5 participants (2 healthy, 2 post-FESS patients, 1 CRS patient without any sinus surgery). The distribution of new signal enhancement was assessed on each participant using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Serial scans were performed over an interval of 4 minutes in the nasal spray group to assess changes in intranasal distribution over time. RESULTS: Signal enhancement was widespread within the nasal cavities and maxillary sinuses of participants (both healthy) that underwent sinus irrigation. For the nasal spray participants, the hotspots for signal enhancement were similar regardless of disease status or previous history of surgery. These included the internal nasal valve, anterior septum, inferior surface of the inferior turbinate, nasal floor, and nasopharynx. No signal enhancement was detected with nasal sprays in either unoperated or operated paranasal sinuses. CONCLUSION: A technique has been developed using MRI evaluation of radioopaque contrast to characterize the temporospatial distribution of topical drug delivery within the sinonasal cavities.

Topical therapy with high-volume budesonide nasal irrigations in difficult-to-treat chronic rhinosinusitis / Terapia tópica de irrigação nasal de alto volume com solução de budesonida em rinossinusite crônica de difícil tratamento

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is termed difficult-to-treat when patients do not reach acceptable level of control despite adequate surgery, intranasal corticosteroid treatment and up to 2 short courses of systemic antibiotics or corticosteroids in the preceding year. Recently, high-volume corticosteroid nasal irrigations have been recommended for CRS treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess high-volume budesonide nasal irrigations for difficult-to-treat CRS. METHODS: Prospective uncontrolled intervention trial. Participants were assessed before- and 3 months after nasal irrigation with 1 mg of budesonide in 500 mL of saline solution daily for 2 days. Subjective (satisfactory clinical improvement) and objective (SNOT-22 questionnaire and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores) assessments were performed. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were included, and 13 (81.3%) described satisfactory clinical improvement. SNOT-22 mean scores (50.2-29.6; p = 0.006) and Lund-Kennedy mean scores (8.8-5.1; p = 0.01) improved significantly. Individually, 75% of patients improved SNOT-22 scores, and 75% improved Lund-Kennedy scores after high volume budesonide nasal irrigations. CONCLUSION: High-volume corticosteroid nasal irrigations are a good option in difficult-to-treat CRS control of disease, reaching 81.3% success control and significant improvement of SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy scores.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A rinossinusite crônica (RSC) de difícil tratamento é aquela inadequadamente controlada com cirurgia, corticosteroides tópicos em spray e até dois ciclos de medicação sistêmica em um ano. Atualmente, tem sido preconizado o uso de irrigações nasais de corticosteroides em alto volume para seu tratamento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso da terapia tópica de irrigações nasais com budesonida em alto volume nos pacientes com RSC de difícil tratamento. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo de intervenção não controlado em RSC de difícil tratamento com 3 meses de terapia tópica de irrigação (1 mg de budesonida diluído em 500 mL de soro fisiológico para ser utilizado em dois dias). Realizada avaliação subjetiva (melhora clínica satisfatória) e objetiva (questionário SNOT-22 e classificação endoscópica de Lund-Kennedy). RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 16 pacientes, sendo que 13 (81,3%) consideraram sua melhora clínica satisfatória. Houve melhora significante das médias de SNOT-22 (50,2 a 29,6; p = 0,006) e de Lund-Kennedy (8,8 a 5,1; p = 0,01). Individualmente, 75% dos pacientes apresentaram melhora do SNOT-22 e 75%, do Lund-Kennedy. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia tópica de irrigação de alto volume de corticosteroide é uma boa opção no controle clínico dos pacientes com rinossinusite crônica de difícil tratamento, com controle adequado de 81,3% destes pacientes e melhora significante do SNOT-22 e do Lund-Kennedy.

Topical therapy with high-volume budesonide nasal irrigations in difficult-to-treat chronic rhinosinusitis.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is termed difficult-to-treat when patients do not reach acceptable level of control despite adequate surgery, intranasal corticosteroid treatment and up to 2 short courses of systemic antibiotics or corticosteroids in the preceding year. Recently, high-volume corticosteroid nasal irrigations have been recommended for CRS treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess high-volume budesonide nasal irrigations for difficult-to-treat CRS. METHODS: Prospective uncontrolled intervention trial. Participants were assessed before- and 3 months after nasal irrigation with 1mg of budesonide in 500 mL of saline solution daily for 2 days. Subjective (satisfactory clinical improvement) and objective (SNOT-22 questionnaire and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores) assessments were performed. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were included, and 13 (81.3%) described satisfactory clinical improvement. SNOT-22 mean scores (50.2-29.6; p=0.006) and Lund-Kennedy mean scores (8.8-5.1; p=0.01) improved significantly. Individually, 75% of patients improved SNOT-22 scores, and 75% improved Lund-Kennedy scores after high volume budesonide nasal irrigations. CONCLUSION: High-volume corticosteroid nasal irrigations are a good option in difficult-to-treat CRS control of disease, reaching 81.3% success control and significant improvement of SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy scores.

Infuence of irrigation and obturation techniques on artificial lateral root canal filling capacity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two dif-ferent irrigation protocols on artificial lateral root canalfilling capacity using different obturation techniques. Sixtysingle-root human teeth were used. Two artificial lateralcanals were created in the apical third. Root canals wereinstrumented up to a 45 K-file to the working length. Beforeeach file, root canals were irrigated either with 2 mL of 2.5%NaOCl or 2% chlorhexidine gel with further irrigation withsaline solution and 3 mL of 17% EDTA. Specimens were ran-domly divided into three groups according to the obturationtechnique: (1) lateral compaction technique; (2) Taggerhybrid technique; and (3) thermoplasticized technique usingBeeFill 2 in 1. All groups used AH Plus as the root canal seal-er. The specimens were decalcified and cleared in methylsalicylate. The total length of lateral canals was observedunder X30 magnification with a stereomicroscope and meas-ured on the buccal and lingual root surfaces using Leica IM50software. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test(p<0.05). Among the obturation techniques, BeeFill 2 in 1showed deeper penetration into all lateral canals than the lat-eral compaction or Tagger hybrid techniques (p<0.05). Thelateral compaction group showed the worst results (p<0.05).Irrigants did not affect the outcome; there was no differencebetween NaOCl and chlorhexidine when the same obturationtechnique was used (p>0.05). Regardless of the irrigant usedduring endodontic procedures, the thermoplasticized tech-niques showed higher penetration behavior for filling artificiallateral canals than the lateral compaction technique.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influÛncia de doisdiferentes protocolos de irrigaþÒo na capacidade de penetraþÒode canais artificiais, utilizando diferente técnicas de obturaþÒo.Sessenta dentes humanos unirradiculares foram utilizados. Doiscanais laterais artificiais foram confeccionados no terþo apicaldo dente. Os canais foram instrumentados até uma lima K 45 nocomprimento de trabalho. Antes do uso de cada lima, os canaisradiculares foram irrigados com 2 mL de NaOCl 2.5% ou comClorexidina gel 2% seguido de soluþÒo salina. Ambos os gruposreceberam no final da instrumentaþÒo 3 mL de EDTA 17%. Osespecimes foram randomicamente separados em 3 subgrupos deacordo com a técnica de obturaþÒo utilizada: (1) técnica de com-pactaþÒo lateral; (2) técnica híbrida de Tagger; e (3) técnicatermoplástica utilizando o BeeFill 2 em 1. Em todos os grupos ocimento utilizado foi o AH Plus. Depois, os elementos foramdiafanizados utilizando metil salicilato. As extens§es de pe -netraþÒo dos cimentos nos canais laterais foram realizadas uti-lizando estereomicroscópio (X30). Os dados de cada grupoforam analizados utilizando ANOVA e o teste de Tukey (p<0.05).Dentre as técnicas de obturaþÒo, a técnica termoplástica uti-lizando o BeeFill 2 em 1 mostrou a maior penetraþÒo em canaislaterais (p<0.05). A técnica de compactaþÒo lateral apresentouos piores resultados dentes os grupos testados (p<0.05). Os irri-gantes nÒo afetaram a penetraþÒo dos canais laterais; nÒo foramobservados diferenþas entre NaOCl e clorexidina, quando amesma técnica de obturaþÒo foi utilizada (p>0.05). Pode-se con-cluir que independente da substÔncia química auxiliar utilizada,as técnicas termoplásticas de obturaþÒo demonstraram maiorpenetraþÒo de canais laterais do que a técnica de compactaþÒo lateral.(AU)

Infuence of irrigation and obturation techniques on artificial lateral root canal filling capacity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two dif-ferent irrigation protocols on artificial lateral root canalfilling capacity using different obturation techniques. Sixtysingle-root human teeth were used. Two artificial lateralcanals were created in the apical third. Root canals wereinstrumented up to a 45 K-file to the working length. Beforeeach file, root canals were irrigated either with 2 mL of 2.5%NaOCl or 2% chlorhexidine gel with further irrigation withsaline solution and 3 mL of 17% EDTA. Specimens were ran-domly divided into three groups according to the obturationtechnique: (1) lateral compaction technique; (2) Taggerhybrid technique; and (3) thermoplasticized technique usingBeeFill 2 in 1. All groups used AH Plus as the root canal seal-er. The specimens were decalcified and cleared in methylsalicylate. The total length of lateral canals was observedunder X30 magnification with a stereomicroscope and meas-ured on the buccal and lingual root surfaces using Leica IM50software. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test(p<0.05). Among the obturation techniques, BeeFill 2 in 1showed deeper penetration into all lateral canals than the lat-eral compaction or Tagger hybrid techniques (p<0.05). Thelateral compaction group showed the worst results (p<0.05).Irrigants did not affect the outcome; there was no differencebetween NaOCl and chlorhexidine when the same obturationtechnique was used (p>0.05). Regardless of the irrigant usedduring endodontic procedures, the thermoplasticized tech-niques showed higher penetration behavior for filling artificiallateral canals than the lateral compaction technique.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência de doisdiferentes protocolos de irrigação na capacidade de penetraçãode canais artificiais, utilizando diferente técnicas de obturação.Sessenta dentes humanos unirradiculares foram utilizados. Doiscanais laterais artificiais foram confeccionados no terço apicaldo dente. Os canais foram instrumentados até uma lima K 45 nocomprimento de trabalho. Antes do uso de cada lima, os canaisradiculares foram irrigados com 2 mL de NaOCl 2.5% ou comClorexidina gel 2% seguido de solução salina. Ambos os gruposreceberam no final da instrumentação 3 mL de EDTA 17%. Osespecimes foram randomicamente separados em 3 subgrupos deacordo com a técnica de obturação utilizada: (1) técnica de com-pactação lateral; (2) técnica híbrida de Tagger; e (3) técnicatermoplástica utilizando o BeeFill 2 em 1. Em todos os grupos ocimento utilizado foi o AH Plus. Depois, os elementos foramdiafanizados utilizando metil salicilato. As extensões de pe -netração dos cimentos nos canais laterais foram realizadas uti-lizando estereomicroscópio (X30). Os dados de cada grupoforam analizados utilizando ANOVA e o teste de Tukey (p<0.05).Dentre as técnicas de obturação, a técnica termoplástica uti-lizando o BeeFill 2 em 1 mostrou a maior penetração em canaislaterais (p<0.05). A técnica de compactação lateral apresentouos piores resultados dentes os grupos testados (p<0.05). Os irri-gantes não afetaram a penetração dos canais laterais; não foramobservados diferenças entre NaOCl e clorexidina, quando amesma técnica de obturação foi utilizada (p>0.05). Pode-se con-cluir que independente da substância química auxiliar utilizada,as técnicas termoplásticas de obturação demonstraram maiorpenetração de canais laterais do que a técnica de compactação lateral.